氮對不鏽鋼管力學性能方麵的影響有多大
氮dan在zai不bu鏽xiu鋼gang管guan的de作zuo用yong除chu了le替ti代dai局ju部bu重zhong金jin屬shu鎳nie外wai,主zhu要yao是shi在zai不bu損sun傷shang鋼gang的de塑su性xing和he韌ren性xing的de前qian提ti下xia,可ke以yi加jia強qiang鋼gang的de強qiang度du。目mu前qian關guan於yu氮dan的de強qiang化hua作zuo用yong主zhu要yao包bao括kuo間jian隙xi固gu溶rong強qiang化hua,晶jing界jie強qiang化hua,析xi出chu強qiang化hua。
氮dan和he碳tan在zai鋼gang中zhong主zhu要yao以yi間jian隙xi原yuan子zi方fang式shi存cun在zai,但dan在zai不bu同tong的de晶jing格ge中zhong占zhan領ling不bu同tong的de位wei置zhi。在zai體ti心xin立li方fang晶jing格ge中zhong占zhan領ling四si麵mian體ti間jian隙xi位wei置zhi,在zai麵mian心xin立li方fang晶jing格ge中zhong占zhan領ling八ba麵mian體ti間jian隙xi位wei置zhi。由you於yu不bu鏽xiu鋼gang管guan的de晶jing格ge構gou造zao為wei麵mian心xin立li方fang晶jing格ge,因yin而er氮dan和he碳tan在zai奧ao氏shi體ti中zhong主zhu要yao存cun在zai於yu八ba麵mian體ti間jian隙xi位wei置zhi。
與碳相比氮原子半徑固然較小,但氮在不鏽鋼管的晶格中能夠產生很大的晶格收縮,使位錯運動的阻力增加,強度增加。在300係列不鏽鋼管中參加0.1%的氮元素,奧氏體基體畸變應力增加3.3倍,室溫強度進步約60MP~100MP。另一方麵,氮原子對位錯也有激烈的釘紮作用。這是由於氮原子與位錯的分離焓較高;再(zai)者(zhe)氮(dan)原(yuan)子(zi)與(yu)位(wei)錯(cuo)之(zhi)間(jian)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)靜(jing)電(dian)的(de)互(hu)相(xiang)作(zuo)用(yong),由(you)於(yu)位(wei)錯(cuo)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)由(you)於(yu)短(duan)少(shao)自(zi)在(zai)電(dian)子(zi),而(er)帶(dai)正(zheng)電(dian)荷(he),氮(dan)原(yuan)子(zi)左(zuo)近(jin)由(you)於(yu)自(zi)在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)較(jiao)多(duo),帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)荷(he)。這(zhe)使(shi)得(de)氮(dan)原(yuan)子(zi)與(yu)位(wei)錯(cuo)之(zhi)間(jian)發(fa)作(zuo)靜(jing)電(dian)吸(xi)收(shou)作(zuo)用(yong),強(qiang)化(hua)效(xiao)應(ying)增(zeng)加(jia)。
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